xz is the new popular compression format. To build xz tools and libraries, I issued the following commands.
./configure --prefix=/mingw --disable-shared --disable-nls --disable-lzma-links --disable-scripts
make
make install
I got the following files:
lzmadec.exe
lzmainfo.exe
unxz.exe
xz.exe
xzcat.exe
xzdec.exe
Note that xz can be used to create and decompress lzma files also.
libcddb is used to query for information about audio Compact Discs that has been loaded in media players and CD rippers. Compiling libcddb is not so hard with MinGW.
First, I installed MinGW. I compiled zlib and libiconv.
Then, I compiled libcdio. I downloaded the latest development source from its git web server.
./autogen.sh
./configure --prefix=/mingw
make
make install
I compiled libcddb like this:
./configure --prefix=/mingw
make
make install
FLAC, short for Free Lossless Audio Codec, is an audio format similar to MP3, but lossless. Thus, audio compressed in FLAC has no loss in quality. With digital storage getting cheaper everyday, it makes sense to copy or preserve sound in the near-perfect quality. I'm compiling FLAC with MinGW because it's needed by some programs I want to build.
I installed MinGW, of course. I also instaled NASM because it was suggested during configure. I just downloaded yasm-1.2.0-win32.exe and renamed it as nasm.exe.
I think it's not necessary, but I compiled zlib and libiconv.
I built OGG.
./configure --prefix=/mingw
make
make install
Then, I built FLAC.
./configure --prefix=/mingw --enable-sse
The --enable-sse option is for SSE-capable CPU's which mean nearly all new desktop CPU's today. I began make.
make
I got errors about SIZE_T_MAX. To fix it, I just changed the line 38 in flac-1.2.1/include/share/alloc.h
# if defined _MSC_VER || defined __MINGW32__
I got another error compiling examples/cpp/encode/file/main.cpp. To fix it, I inserted the following line after <stdlib.h> on line 33.
#include <string.h>
I got no more error. I installed flac.
make install
Kung Fu Hustle is a funny but memorable movie from Hong Kong star Stephen Chow. If you haven't seen it yet, here's your chance to watch the movie.
And the one below is the original Chinese version with English subtitles.
The libRTMP library provides online multimedia streaming support for many open-source projects, such as ffmpeg and curl. I am building librtmp for use with ffmpeg and mplayer. I downloaded the latest release tarball from here.
First, I compiled zlib as shown in this post.
make -f win32/Makefile.gcc
cp -iv zlib1.dll /mingw/bin
cp -iv zconf.h zlib.h /mingw/include
cp -iv libz.a /mingw/lib
cp -iv libz.dll.a /mingw/lib
Then, I built OpenSSL as shown in this post.
./Configure -DHAVE_STRUCT_TIMESPEC -L/mingw/lib -lz -lpthreadGC2 -lws2_32 --prefix=/mingw threads zlib mingw
make
make install
Then, I built librtmp.
make SYS=mingw
cp -iv *.exe /mingw/bin
To build the shared library, I typed:
cd librtmp
gcc -shared -o librtmp.dll -Wl,--out-implib,librtmp.dll.a rtmp.o log.o amf.o hashswf.o parseurl.o -lssl -lcrypto -lz -lws2_32 -lwinmm -lgdi32
To install librtmp, I typed the following:
cp -iv librtmp.dll /mingw/bin
cp -iv amf.h http.h log.h rtmp.h /mingw/include/librtmp
cp -iv librtmp*.a /mingw/lib
cp -iv librtmp.pc /mingw/lib/pkgconfig
Sometimes, librtmp.pc fails to be generated. In that case, make it yourself and copy it to /mingw/lib/pkgconfig.
prefix=/mingw
exec_prefix=${prefix}
libdir=${exec_prefix}/lib
incdir=${prefix}/include/librtmp
Name: librtmp
Description: RTMP implementation
Version: 2.3
Requires: openssl libcrypto
URL: http://rtmpdump.mplayerhq.hu
Libs: -L${libdir} -lrtmp -lz
Libs.private: -lws2_32 -lwinmm -lgdi32 -lssl -lcrypto
Cflags: -I${incdir}
OpenSSL is an open-source library that provides cryptographic and network security functions. It is used by so many open-source software that require SSL/TLS support. To build OpenSSL for Windows, first install MinGW. There are two flavors of MinGW: mingw and mingw64. Just pick one of the following and set it up accordingly:
Then, download the latest source tarball from the OpenSSL website and unpack it with 7-zip. 7-zip should be used because MinGW/MSYS tar has trouble with tarballs containing symlinks. However, cygwin has no problem with tarballs containing symlinks.
OpenSSL optionally incorporates the following libraries when found.
Assuming that you compiled both zlib and pthread as shown in the above links, configure OpenSSL like this.
./Configure -DHAVE_STRUCT_TIMESPEC -DPTW32_STATIC_LIB -L/mingw/lib -lz -lpthreadGC2 -lws2_32 --prefix=/mingw threads zlib mingw
Then, run make.
make
If you run into errors compiling some test codes, just copy dummytest.c over. However, it doesn't happen under Cygwin.
cp -iv test/dummytest.c test/md2test.c
cp -iv test/dummytest.c test/rc5test.c
cp -iv test/dummytest.c test/jpaketest.c
Then, install OpenSSL.
make install
The Live555 streaming media library is an open-source implementation of RTP/RTCP/RTSP/SIP multimedia streaming protocols. I mainly use it with MPlayer. To compile it with MinGW, download the source for live555 library and extract the tarball under /mingw/lib:
cd /mingw/lib
tar xzvf live555-latest.tar.gz
cd live
compile it like this:
./genMakefiles mingw
make
Normally, mplayer will detect the live555 library automatically. If not, append --enable-live to the ./configure command.
-I/mingw/lib/live/liveMedia/include -I/mingw/lib/live/UsageEnvironment/include -I/mingw/lib/live/BasicUsageEnvironment/include -I/mingw/lib/live/groupsock/include
/mingw/lib/live/liveMedia/libliveMedia.a /mingw/lib/live/UsageEnvironment/libUsageEnvironment.a /mingw/lib/live/BasicUsageEnvironment/libBasicUsageEnvironment.a /mingw/lib/live/groupsock/libgroupsock.a -lstdc++
To create a shared library from the static live555 libraries, I ran the following command:
gcc -shared -o livemedia.dll -Wl,--out-implib,liblivemedia.dll.a -Wl,--whole-archive liveMedia/libliveMedia.a UsageEnvironment/libUsageEnvironment.a BasicUsageEnvironment/libBasicUsageEnvironment.a groupsock/libgroupsock.a -Wl,--no-whole-archive -lstdc++ -lws2_32
I got livemedia.dll and liblivemedia.dll.a. I copied these files under MinGW.
cp -iv livemedia.dll /mingw/bin
cp -iv liblivemedia.dll.a /mingw/lib
To use these files, I would define environment variables as follows:
CXXFLAGS='-I/mingw/lib/live/liveMedia/include -I/mingw/lib/live/UsageEnvironment/include -I/mingw/lib/live/BasicUsageEnvironment/include -I/mingw/lib/live/groupsock/include'
LIBS='-lstdc++ /mingw/lib/liblivemedia.dll.a'
Do you like classic horror movies or a Chinese kung-fu movie? Then, you may like the Hong Kong movie, “Ricki Oh: the Story of Ricky.” It's got both: blood and gore, and awesome kung fu. The fight scenes are gross and brutal like Kill Bill, but otherwise have outrageously cool kung-fu moves. However, I warn that some viewer discretion is advised.
Here's the same movie in Mandarin Chinese.
MPlayer is one of my favorite media players. It is used with a frontend like smplayer, gnome-mplayer and MPlayerGUI to provide a good alternative to Windows Media Player. Although there are already several Win32 builds of MPlayer on the net, I like to build MPlayer on my own using MinGW compiler because I want to optimize my build for my CPU. So I installed MinGW and compiled MPlayer as follows.
Build ffmpeg statically or dynamically as shown in this post.
./configure --prefix=/mingw && make && make install
(Optional) Fribidi is a rendering library for right-to-left scripts, such as Arabic and Hebrew. If you are a speaker of such right-to-left languages, compile fribidi statically as shown below:
./configure --prefix=/mingw --disable-shared --disable-debug
make
make install
More information can be found here.
./configure --prefix=/mingw --enable-static
make
make install
./configure --prefix=/mingw --disable-shared
make
make install
./configure --prefix=/mingw --disable-shared
make install
./configure --prefix=/mingw
make
make install
tar xjvf mplayer-export-snapshot.tar.bz2
cd mplayer-export-2010-02-07/
Then, run ./configure:
CPPFLAGS='-DFRIBIDI_ENTRY="" ' ./configure --prefix=/mingw --enable-runtime-cpudetection --enable-static --enable-theora --enable-fribidi --disable-ffmpeg_a --disable-gl --disable-vidix --yasm=/mingw/bin/yasm --extra-libs='-lfribidi'
The CPPFLAGS value allows fribidi to be linked statically.
make
After successful build, strip the executables:
strip m*.exe
Optionally, compress the executables with upx:
upx --best --strip-relocs=0 mplayer.exe
upx --best --strip-relocs=0 mencoder.exe
Download MPlayer codecs from here. The MPlayer codecs for Windows platform has a filename like windows-essential-20071007.zip. Extract the codecs package and you'll get a folder "windows-essential-20071007". Rename it as "codecs" and move the "codecs" folder inside where mplayer.exe file is located.
Make sure that HOME environment variable is set to your personal folder(for example, C:\Users\Jocelyn). Upon the first run of mplayer, a new folder named mplayer will be created in your HOME folder. Copy codecs.conf to the mplayer folder. The "config" file stores default options for playing movie files. Open the "config" file and make changes as follows:
# Write your default config options here!
cdrom-device=D:
dvd-device=D:
ao=dsound
vo=direct3d
font=C:\WINDOWS\FONTS\MALGUN.TTF
framedrop=yes
subcp=cp949
My win32 build of mplayer can be downloaded from here. It is recommended that the zip archive should be extracted in C:\Program Files.
Now, let's try mplayer. First, get a movie file ready. In the Command Prompt, type a command in the following form:
mplayer mymoviefile.avi
Alternatively,
mplayer -vo direct3d -ao win32 -font C:\WINDOWS\FONTS\Tahoma.ttf -framedrop mymoviefile.avi
A new window will pop up with the movie playing inside it.
The next step is to get and set up SMPlayer.
cdrkit is another CD/DVD burning tool that was spun off from the cdrtools project. Some say cdrkit is inferior to cdrtools, but I haven't found a problem with cdrkit yet. Although I prefer cdrtools to cdrkit, I'd like to give cdrkit a try. To build cdrkit with MinGW, I had to compile some libraries first.
First, I compiled zlib:
tar xzvf zlib-1.2.7.tar.gz
cd zlib-1.2.7
make -f win32/Makefile.gcc
cp -iv zlib1.dll /mingw/bin
cp -iv zconf.h zlib.h /mingw/include
cp -iv libz.a /mingw/lib
cp -iv libz.dll.a /mingw/lib
New genisoimage seems to use pthread for making checksums. I compiled pthread like this:
make clean GC
cp -iv pthreadGC2.dll /mingw/bin
cp -iv pthread.h semaphore.h sched.h /mingw/include/
cp -iv libpthreadGC2.a /mingw/lib
cp -iv libpthreadGC2.a /mingw/lib/libpthread.a
Then, I compile PCRE:
./configure --prefix=/mingw --enable-pcre16 --enable-unicode-properties
make
make install
cp /mingw/include/pcreposix.h /mingw/include/regex.h
cp /mingw/lib/libpcreposix.a /mingw/lib/libregex.a
cp /mingw/lib/libpcreposix.dll.a /mingw/lib/libregex.dll.a
I built the open-source file command. I configured it like this:
./configure --prefix=/mingw
Then, I added the following lines to config.h:
#define WIN32 1
#define MAGIC "magic"
Compile libmagic:
make && make install
I got an error trying to build file.exe, so I modified src/Makefile:
file_LDADD = libmagic.la /mingw/lib/libpcreposix.dll.a
I built libiconv like this:
./configure --prefix=/mingw
make
make install
Then, I built CMake.
./bootstrap --prefix=/mingw
make
make install
I unpacked the cdrkit source and applied the patch that I found at the mailing list. Here are the modified patches of mine.
I used the command below to applied the patch.
patch -p1 -l < ../cdrkit-1.1.9-mingw.patch
Then, I compiled cdrkit:
cmake -G "MSYS Makefiles"
make
After successful build, I copied the executable files (*.exe) to my folder.
I got an error linking genisoimage. I edited genisoimage/CMakeLists.txt to resolve the issue:
IF(USE_MAGIC)
ADD_DEFINITIONS(-DUSE_MAGIC)
LIST(APPEND EXTRA_LIBS "shlwapi")
SET(MAGICLIBS magic)
ENDIF(USE_MAGIC)
I got errors compiling sha256.* and sha512.*. I made the following changes.
__THROW to __attribute__ ((__nothrow__)).The code in genisoimage/checksum.c gave me errors linking with pthread-w32. To fix it, I replaced a->thread with (a->thread).p.
I found that genisoimage and readom still used /dev/null. I changed it to NUL in genisoimage.c and readom.c.
Here's my cdrkit build for Windows.
cdrtools is a powerful open-source CD/DVD/BD burning tool. It is used as backend software for free DVD-burning applications, such as Infrarecorder and cdrtfe. To build cdrtools for Windows, install Cygwin as shown in this post. Additionally, I installed the following Cygwin packages.
I set up some environment variables before I started.
export CC=/usr/bin/gcc.exe
export CC_OPT="-O2"
export CFLAGS="-march=pentium2 -mtune=i586 -mthreads -mms-bitfields"
export LDFLAGS="-L/usr/lib -Wl,--enable-auto-image-base -Wl,--enable-auto-import -Wl,--enable-runtime-pseudo-reloc"
Then, I built smake.
cd smake-1.2
make
make INS_BASE=/usr install
Then, I built cdrtools.
smake
smake INS_BASE=/usr install
I tested my cdrtools build. To create an ISO file from a folder, I ran mkisofs:
mkisofs -J -R -hide-rr-moved ~/Downloads > dl.iso
To burn an ISO:
cdrecord -scanbus
cdrecord dev=0,0,0 speed=8 driveropts=burnfree dl.iso
To make a copy of a data CD:
readcd dev=0,0,0 f=dl2.iso speed=8 retries=16 -nocorr -noerror
To scan a music CD, I ran cdda2wav:
cdda2wav -scanbus
cdda2wav dev=0,0,0 cddb=1 -cddbp-server=freedb.freedb.org -cddbp-port=8880 -J -N
To rip the second track of the music CD:
cdda2wav dev=0,0,0 cddb=1 track=2 ~/Music/track2.wav
Here you can get my cdrtools build.
If you don't want to deal with the command line, there are, of course, user-friendly GUI frontends for cdrtools.
CMake is a portable build system. CMake can be used to replace the traditional GNU build process, as in:
./configure
make
make install
Compiling CMake is fairly simple. After you install MinGW (as shown in this post), download and unpack the CMake source tarball. Run the following commands in order.
tar xzvf cmake-2.8.9.tar.gz
cd cmake-2.8.9
./bootstrap --prefix=/mingw
make
make install
ffmpeg is an important component of many open-source projects, such as MPlayer and VLC. I am compiling ffmpeg so that I can use it to transcode multimedia files. This guide shows how to use MinGW to compile ffmpeg either statically or dynamically. Installation of MinGW is explained in this post. The example commands below are meant to be entered into an MSYS window (not Command Prompt). I downloaded the FFmpeg source and unpacked it.
FFMpeg can be linked with external libraries to add features to FFmpeg. I am adding most features to FFMpeg by compiling additional libraries. Most of these libraries are also covered in my posts on compiling MPlayer and Mencoder.
unzip zlib127.zip
cd zlib-1.2.7/
make -f win32/Makefile.gcc
cp -iv zlib1.dll /mingw/bin
cp -iv zconf.h zlib.h /mingw/include
cp -iv libz.a /mingw/lib
cp -iv libz.dll.a /mingw/lib
Optionally, get bzip2 source from bzip.org and compile it like this:
tar xzvf bzip2-1.0.6.tar.gz
cd bzip2-1.0.6
make
cp bzlib.h /mingw/include/
cp libbz2.a /mingw/lib
tar xzvf gsm-1.0.13.tar.bz2
cd gsm-1.0-pl13/
make
Just ignore the compile errors with fchmod and fchown when trying to build applications. Copy the header and static library to /mingw:
mkdir /mingw/include/gsm
cp inc/gsm.h /mingw/include/gsm
cp lib/libgsm.a /mingw/lib
./configure --prefix=/mingw --enable-expopt=full
make
make install
The source code for these libraries can be obtained from xiph.org. Compile them each like this:
./configure --prefix=/mingw
make
make install
As for speex, use the version 1.2rc1 or later.
FAAC is an MPEG-4 AAC audio encoder. Get the source (faac-1.28.tar.gz) and unpack the package. Then, edit Makefile.am:
SUBDIRS = include libfaac
Also, edit the line beginning with AC_OUTPUT in the file configure.in:
AC_OUTPUT(libfaac/Makefile include/Makefile Makefile)
Then, compile FAAC like this
sh bootstrap
./configure --prefix=/mingw
make
make install
/mingw/bin/yasm.exe). Get the XviD source from xvid.org and compile as follows:tar xzvf xvidcore-1.3.2.tar.gz
cd xvidcore/build/generic
./configure --prefix=/mingw
make
make install
If you encounter "unrecognized command-line option -mno-cygwin" errors, open the file platform.inc in a text editor and delete "-mno-cygwin". Then, run make and make install again.
Copy the import library for xvidcore.dll:
cp -iv \=build/xvidcore.dll.a /mingw/lib/libxvidcore.a
configure --prefix=/mingw --enable-win32thread --extra-cflags="-DX264_VERSION=20100422"
make
make install
cp -iv x264.h x264_config.h /mingw/include
cp -iv libx264.a /mingw/lib
cp -iv x264.pc /mingw/lib/pkgconfig
You need pr.exe from MYS coreutils package (coreutils-5.97-3-msys-1.0.13-ext.tar.lzma). I configured ffmpeg with the following command:
CPPFLAGS='-DHAVE_INT32_T' ./configure --prefix=/mingw --enable-gpl --enable-nonfree --enable-postproc --enable-avfilter --enable-w32threads --enable-runtime-cpudetect --enable-memalign-hack --enable-bzlib --enable-libfaac --enable-libgsm --enable-libmp3lame --enable-libspeex --enable-libtheora --enable-libvorbis --enable-libx264 --enable-libxvid --enable-zlib --disable-debug
-DHAVE_INT32_T is used to allow static FAAC to be linked. Then, I began compilation and installation:
make
make install
Some Windows applications, such as Audacity, uses FFmpeg libraries when available. If you want to compile FFmpeg dynamically, append --enable-shared --disable-static to the ./configure command for FFmpeg.
./configure --prefix=/mingw --enable-gpl --enable-nonfree --enable-postproc --enable-avfilter --enable-w32threads --enable-runtime-cpudetect --enable-memalign-hack --enable-bzlib --enable-libfaac --enable-libgsm --enable-libmp3lame --enable-librtmp --enable-libspeex --enable-libtheora --enable-libvorbis --enable-libx264 --enable-libxvid --enable-zlib --enable-shared --disable-static --disable-debug
If you get "int32_t" error when compiling libfaac.o, open /mingw/include/faac.h and insert the following line:
#include <stdint.h>
When I built mplayer with --enable-static and --disable-ffmpeg_a options to force linking with shared ffmpeg libraries, I had to rename ffmpeg libraries so their names end in *.a.
cd /mingw/lib
cp -iv libavcodec.dll.a libavcodec.a
cp -iv libavformat.dll.a libavformat.a
cp -iv libavutil.dll.a libavutil.a
cp -iv libpostproc.dll.a libpostproc.a
cp -iv libswscale.dll.a libswscale.a
cdrtfe is free CD/DVD/BD burning software for Windows. cdrtfe actually use the command-line program cdrtools as its burning engine. I have used cdrtools on Linux to create ISO images and burn or rip CD. I'd like to have cdrtools on Windows also. Fortunately, cdrtfe includes cdrtools Win32 binaries along with the nice-looking GUI application.
To install cdrtfe, I downloaded the cdrtfe zip archive (cdrtfe-1.5.zip) and unpacked the zip archive. Double-clicking on the cdrtfe file will start the cdrtfe program. (Warning: Running the Cygwin terminal and cdrtfe at the same time can cause a problem due to cygwin1.dll incompatibility, so close the Cygwin terminal before starting cdrtfe.)
So far, I have only tried ripping music CD's with cdrtfe. I will add more as I get to know more about cdrtfe.
To rip a music CD, click on the DAE tab and click the Options button. Check to make sure the options are okay.
Back to the main window, click Read TOC to update the track list, check the Save tracks to folder, and click Start to begin ripping.
Cygwin provides a Unix-like environment for Windows users. Cygwin is useful for people who want to learn Unix or popular Linux without having to install Unix or Linux. Cygwin can also be used to port Linux applications to Windows or develop genuine Windows applications. To install Cygwin, download setup.exe from the Cygwin website and run it.
In addition to the default packages, select the following packages for common development environment:
To select a package for installation, type the name of the package in the Search box, expand the categories by clicking a plus, and clicking on the package until its version number shows up.
If you want to develop software applications that depend on cygwin1.dll (which emulates Unix on Windows), install one of the following packages. This is when you want to port Linux applications to Windows with little modification.
If you want to develop pure Windows applications, install one of the following packages.
When you see the Resolving Dependencies window, just accept and click Next.
Setting the environment variable %HOME% is useful for various reasons. First of all, it allows regular users to compile freely in their user folder without requiring access to C:\Cygwin. Secondly, it allows users to save user-specific configuration in their user folder. For example, user configuration files such as .profile, .gtkrc-2.0, .fonts.conf and .pango-aliases can be saved in the folder specified by %HOME%.
The file C:\Cygwin\etc\fstab is used to set up mount points in Cygwin. If you installed mingw64 packages, open the file C:\Cygwin\etc\fstab in a text editor and append the following line.
/usr/i686-w64-mingw32/sys-root/mingw /mingw none bind
Start the Cygwin terminal and type the following commands to set up Cygwin for Windows compilation.
ln -s /usr/bin/i686-w64-mingw32-g++.exe /usr/i686-w64-mingw32/bin/g++.exe
ln -s /usr/bin/i686-w64-mingw32-gcc.exe /usr/i686-w64-mingw32/bin/gcc.exe
Also, set up some environment variables.
export CFLAGS="-march=pentium2 -mtune=i586 -mthreads -mms-bitfields -O2"
export CXXFLAGS="-march=pentium2 -mtune=i586 -mthreads -mms-bitfields -O2"
export CPPFLAGS="-I/mingw/include"
export LDFLAGS="-L/mingw/lib -Wl,--enable-auto-image-base -Wl,--enable-auto-import -Wl,--enable-runtime-pseudo-reloc"
export PATH=/mingw/bin:/usr/i686-w64-mingw32/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin
export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/mingw/lib/pkgconfig
If you installed the gcc4 compiler (as opposed to mingw*), set up some environment variables to customize your build environment. I usually type the following commands:
CC="/usr/bin/gcc.exe"
CFLAGS="-march=pentium2 -mtune=i586 -mthreads -mms-bitfields -O2"
CPPFLAGS="-I/usr/include"
CXXFLAGS="-march=pentium2 -mtune=i586 -mthreads -mms-bitfields -O2"
LDFLAGS="-L/usr/lib -Wl,--enable-auto-image-base -Wl,--enable-auto-import -Wl,--enable-runtime-pseudo-reloc"
export CC CFLAGS CPPFLAGS CXXFLAGS LDFLAGS
A live CD is a bootable CD that contains the whole operating system and any applications you want to run from the CD. With the increasing popularity of DVD and Blu-ray drives, there is even a live DVD. A live CD is useful when you want to copy your existing Linux system to a CD and run it on multiple computers. In this post, I show how I normally create a live CD.
A new kernel should be built with SquashFS and UnionFS patches. The live CD will have a huge file that is actually a SquashFS image containing a copy of your existing Linux system. We will use UnionFS so that any changes to the read-only SquashFS will be saved to the volatile memory. Download the patches from the following locations.
After patching the kernel and rebuilding it, install the new kernel.
A SquashFS image needs to be created from an existing Linux system. Copy the contents of the Linux filesystem to an empty directory, assuming the filesystem is mounted at /mnt.
mkdir /tmp/livecd
cd /mnt
tar cf - . | (cd /tmp/livecd; tar xf -)
Empty the contents of fstab so that the live CD will not mount any hard disk partition, including the original root partition.
cp /dev/null /tmp/livecd/etc/fstab
Create a squashfs image.
mksquashfs /tmp/livecd /tmp/linuxfs.sqz -comp xz -b 262144 -Xdict-size 196608 -no-xattrs -e boot lost+found selinux srv
This is a tricky part of the job. Basically, the init script of the initramfs image will mount the CD-ROM, then mount the SquashFS image, and then mount a UnionFS. Refer to this post on building an initramfs image.
Create an empty directory which will be the contents of live CD. The live CD will contain:
Finally, create an ISO image for the live CD.
genisoimage -V LIVECD -b isolinux.bin -c boot.cat -no-emul-boot -boot-load-size 4 -boot-info-table /tmp/isofs > ~/livecd.iso
Burn the ISO image.
cdrskin -v dev=/dev/sr0 speed=8 driveropts=burnfree ~/livecd.iso
Initrd and initramfs files are used together with a Linux kernel and a bootloader (such as GRUB and syslinux) to start up Linux and boot it in many different ways. Many Linux distributions provide prepackaged kernels and convenient tools for creating initramfs, but I like to build my own kernel and initramfs because it allows me to customize the boot process. For instance, one can choose to boot from the local disk or network-mounted disk with the help of initramfs and some user-defined boot parameters. Here's a list of things that I'd like to achieve with my custom initramfs.
In this post, I show how I normally create initrd / initramfs files. For this tutorial, the following Debian/Ubuntu packages are needed:
First, create a text file with a list of files to put in initramfs. The following is an example of such file:
bin/busybox
bin/dash
bin/mount
etc/filesystems
etc/fuse.conf
etc/group
etc/modprobe.d
lib/ld-linux.so.2
lib/libacl.so.1
lib/libattr.so.1
lib/libblkid.so.1
lib/libbz2.so.1.0
lib/libcom_err.so.2
lib/libc.so.6
lib/libdl.so.2
lib/libe2p.so.2
lib/libext2fs.so.2
lib/libfuse.so.2
lib/libkmod.so.2
lib/libmount.so.1
lib/libm.so.6
lib/libpci.so.3
lib/libpthread.so.0
lib/libresolv.so.2
lib/librt.so.1
lib/libselinux.so.1
lib/libsepol.so.1
lib/libuuid.so.1
lib/libx86.so.1
lib/libz.so.1
lib/modules/3.5.3/kernel/drivers/ata
lib/modules/3.5.3/kernel/drivers/block/loop.ko
lib/modules/3.5.3/kernel/drivers/cdrom/cdrom.ko
lib/modules/3.5.3/kernel/drivers/connector/cn.ko
lib/modules/3.5.3/kernel/drivers/firewire/firewire-core.ko
lib/modules/3.5.3/kernel/drivers/firewire/firewire-ohci.ko
lib/modules/3.5.3/kernel/drivers/firewire/firewire-sbp2.ko
lib/modules/3.5.3/kernel/drivers/i2c/algos/i2c-algo-bit.ko
lib/modules/3.5.3/kernel/drivers/scsi/sd_mod.ko
lib/modules/3.5.3/kernel/drivers/scsi/sr_mod.ko
lib/modules/3.5.3/kernel/drivers/usb/host/ehci-hcd.ko
lib/modules/3.5.3/kernel/drivers/usb/host/ohci-hcd.ko
lib/modules/3.5.3/kernel/drivers/usb/host/uhci-hcd.ko
lib/modules/3.5.3/kernel/drivers/usb/storage/usb-storage.ko
lib/modules/3.5.3/kernel/drivers/video
lib/modules/3.5.3/kernel/fs/ext3/ext3.ko
lib/modules/3.5.3/kernel/fs/ext4/ext4.ko
lib/modules/3.5.3/kernel/fs/fat/fat.ko
lib/modules/3.5.3/kernel/fs/fat/vfat.ko
lib/modules/3.5.3/kernel/fs/fuse/fuse.ko
lib/modules/3.5.3/kernel/fs/isofs/isofs.ko
lib/modules/3.5.3/kernel/fs/jbd2/jbd2.ko
lib/modules/3.5.3/kernel/fs/jbd/jbd.ko
lib/modules/3.5.3/kernel/fs/jfs/jfs.ko
lib/modules/3.5.3/kernel/fs/nls/nls_cp437.ko
lib/modules/3.5.3/kernel/fs/nls/nls_iso8859-1.ko
lib/modules/3.5.3/kernel/fs/nls/nls_utf8.ko
lib/modules/3.5.3/kernel/fs/reiserfs/reiserfs.ko
lib/modules/3.5.3/kernel/fs/squashfs/squashfs.ko
lib/modules/3.5.3/kernel/fs/xfs/xfs.ko
lib/modules/3.5.3/kernel/lib/crc16.ko
lib/modules/3.5.3/kernel/lib/crc-t10dif.ko
lib/modules/3.5.3/modules.dep
lib/modules/3.5.3/modules.dep.bin
lib/modules/3.5.3/modules.pcimap
sbin/blkid
sbin/e2fsck
sbin/jfs_fsck
sbin/modprobe
sbin/v86d
usr/bin/pcimodules
usr/bin/unionfs-fuse
usr/bin/unzip
Then, create an empty directory, for example, /tmp/initrd and copy the files listed in the above-mentioned text file (called rd354.txt) to the new directory.
mkdir /tmp/initrd
cd /
tar cvhf - -T rd354.txt | (cd /tmp/initrd; tar xf -)
Then, create the necessary directory structure under /tmp/initrd:
cd /tmp/initrd
mkdir -p dev media mnt proc root sys tmp
Since I chose to use busybox, I need to create symbolic links to busybox in /bin. Busybox provides incomplete functionality for modprobe, mount, sh and unzip, so I removed their symbolic links.
cd /tmp/initrd/bin
for f in $(./busybox --list); do [ -e $f ] || ln -s busybox $f ; done
rm modprobe unzip
Then, create essential device nodes in /tmp/initrd/dev:
cd /tmp/initrd/dev
MAKEDEV std fb0 fd0 sda sdb scd
mknod console c 5 1
mknod fuse c 10 229
chmod 666 fuse
Now, create an init script. The contents of this init script is crucial for customization of the boot process. The following is the script I use. This script is capable of booting a live CD and running Linux within memory in addition to booting Linux from hard drives and USB flash.
#!/bin/dash
# Define a function to parse kernel command line options.
get_opt() {
echo $@ | cut -d "=" -f 2
}
# Define a function to load drivers.
loadmod() {
for i in $@ ; do
for j in $(grep $i /tmp/pcimodules.txt); do
modprobe $j
done
done
}
# Define a function to guess the partition type.
gpart() {
for i in $(blkid | grep $1); do
case $i in
*\=*)
eval $i
;;
*)
true
;;
esac
done
}
# Define a function for mounting the root partition.
mountr() {
if [ $uuid ]; then
if [ $# = 2 ]; then
mount -r -U $uuid $2
elif [ $# = 1 ]; then
mount -r -U $uuid $1
else mount -r -U $uuid /mnt
fi
elif [ $label ]; then
if [ $# = 2 ]; then
mount -r -L $label $2
elif [ $# = 1 ]; then
mount -r -L $label $1
else mount -r -L $label /mnt
fi
else
gpart $1
case $TYPE in
ext*)
e2fsck -p $1
[ $# = 2 ] && mount $1 $2 || mount $1 /mnt
;;
jfs)
jfs_fsck $1
if [ $# = 2 ]; then
mount -t jfs -o ro,iocharset=utf8 $1 $2
else mount -t jfs -o ro,iocharset=utf8 $1 /mnt
fi
;;
vfat)
if [ $# = 2 ]; then
mount -t vfat -o ro,gid=100,dmask=2,fmask=113 $1 $2
else mount -t vfat -o ro,gid=100,dmask=2,fmask=113 $1 /mnt
fi
;;
*)
[ $# = 2 ] && mount -r $1 $2 || mount -r $1 /mnt
;;
esac
fi
}
# Create a union filesystem
union() {
mount -t tmpfs none /opt/tmp
modinfo unionfs > /dev/null 2>&1 &&
mount -t unionfs -o dirs=/opt/tmp=rw:/opt=ro none /mnt ||
( mkdir /opt/tmp/.change
modprobe fuse
unionfs-fuse -o allow_other,use_ino,suid,dev,nonempty,kernel_cache \
-o cow,chroot=/opt,max_files=32768 /tmp/.change=RW:/=RO /mnt )
}
# Mount proc and sysfs.
mount -t proc none /proc
mount -t sysfs none /sys
# Find the available PCI hardware
mount -t tmpfs none /tmp
pcimodules > /tmp/pcimodules.txt
# Populate /dev (Needs kernel >= 2.6.32)
mount -t devtmpfs none /dev
mkdir -m 755 /dev/pts
mount -t devpts -o gid=5,mode=620 none /dev/pts
# Set default values
boot=ata
root=/dev/sda6
# Find the root=, label=, uuid= and boot= values on kernel command line.
for i in $(cat /proc/cmdline); do
case $i in
root\=*)
root=$(get_opt $i)
case $root in
/dev/cdr* | /dev/dvd* | /dev/sr* | /dev/scd*)
boot=cdrom
;;
0x200)
root=/dev/fd0
;;
esac
;;
label\=* | uuid\=* | boot\=* | vmode\=* )
eval $i
;;
single)
RUNLEVEL=single
;;
nox)
RUNLEVEL=2
;;
esac
done
# Activate framebuffer display devices.
if [ $vmode ]; then
if [ $boot = cdrom ]; then
modprobe uvesafb scroll=ywrap mode_option=$vmode-16
else for i in $(grep fb /tmp/pcimodules.txt); do
case $i in
atyfb)
modprobe $i mode=$vmode-16
;;
nvidiafb | rivafb)
modprobe nvidiafb mode_option=$vmode bpp=16 hwcur=1
;;
radeonfb | savagefb)
modprobe $i mode_option=$vmode-16
;;
sisfb)
modprobe $i mode=$vmodex16 mem=12288 font=SUN12x22
;;
viafb | vt8623fb)
modprobe viafb viafb_mode=$vmode viafb_bpp=16
;;
*)
modprobe $i
;;
esac
done
if grep -q i915 /tmp/pcimodules.txt; then true
else [ -c /dev/fb0 ] || modprobe uvesafb scroll=ywrap mode_option=$vmode-16
fi
fi
fi
case $boot in
cdrom)
# Boot Linux from a live CD.
loadmod ata_ ahci pdc_adma ^.hci-hcd
modprobe usb-storage &&
modprobe sr_mod &&
sleep 7
modprobe isofs
mount -t iso9660 /dev/sr0 /media
[ -d /media/isolinux -o -d /media/boot/isolinux ] ||
mount -t iso9660 /dev/sr1 /media
if [ -f /media/*.[Ss][Qq]* ]; then
SQF=$(ls -t /media/*.[Ss][Qq]* | head -n 1)
if [ $root = /dev/ram ]; then
echo "Please wait until the RAM disk is ready."
dd if=$SQF of=/dev/ram1 bs=2048 &&
mount -t squashfs /dev/ram1 /opt
else modprobe loop
mount -t squashfs -o loop $SQF /opt
fi
else
mount --move /media /opt
fi
union
;;
loop)
# Boot Linux from an image file.
loadmod ata_ ahci pdc_adma ^.hci-hcd
modprobe usb-storage &&
modprobe sd_mod &&
sleep 7
mountr $root /media
modprobe loop
if [ -f /media/*.[Ss][Qq]* ]; then
SQF=$(ls -t /media/*.[Ss][Qq]* | head -n 1)
mount -t squashfs -o loop $SQF /opt
elif [ -f /media/*.[Ii][Ss][Oo] ]; then
ISO=$(ls -t /media/*.[Ii][Ss][Oo] | head -n 1)
modprobe isofs
mount -t iso9660 -o loop $ISO /opt
fi
union
;;
ram)
# Boot Linux from ramdisk.
loadmod ata_ ahci pdc_adma ^.hci-hcd
modprobe usb-storage &&
modprobe sd_mod &&
sleep 7
mountr $root /media
echo "Please wait until the RAM disk is ready."
if [ -f /media/*.[Ss][Qq]* ]; then
SQF=$(ls -t /media/*.[Ss][Qq]* | head -n 1)
dd if=$SQF of=/dev/ram1 &&
mount -t squashfs /dev/ram1 /opt
elif [ -f /media/*.[Ii][Ss][Oo] ]; then
ISO=$(ls -t /media/*.[Ii][Ss][Oo] | head -n 1)
dd if=$ISO of=/dev/ram1 bs=2048 &&
modprobe isofs
mount -t iso9660 /dev/ram1 /opt
fi
union
;;
usb*)
# Boot Linux from a USB drive.
loadmod ^.hci-hcd
modprobe usb-storage &&
modprobe sd_mod &&
sleep 7
mountr $root
;;
ata*)
loadmod ata_ ahci pdc_adma &&
modprobe sd_mod &&
mountr $root
;;
esac
# Make sure that init exists and is executable.
if [ -x /mnt/sbin/init ]; then
mount --move /dev /mnt/dev
mount --move /proc /mnt/proc
mount --move /sys /mnt/sys
umount /tmp
# Start init from the root filesystem.
cd /mnt
[ -f /media/updates.zip ] && unzip -o /media/updates.zip
case $boot in
cdrom)
[ $root = /dev/ram ] && umount /media
[ $RUNLEVEL ] || RUNLEVEL=3
;;
loop | ram)
umount /media
[ $RUNLEVEL ] || RUNLEVEL=3
;;
*)
[ $RUNLEVEL ] || RUNLEVEL=5
;;
esac
[ -d initrd ] && pivot_root . initrd
exec chroot . /sbin/init $RUNLEVEL
fi
# Start a shell as a last resort.
echo "Error booting from the root filesystem. Starting a shell."
exec /bin/dash
Copy the init script to the initrd folder (Assuming its filename is init.sh).
cp init.sh /tmp/initrd/init
cp init.sh /tmp/initrd/etc
chmod 775 /tmp/initrd/init
Now, use cpio and lzma to create an initramfs file. This assumes that the kernel was compiled with CONFIG_RD_LZMA option enabled.
cd /tmp/initrd
find . | cpio -H newc -o | lzma -c > ../initram.lzm
A file named initram.lzm will be created. If you want to create an old-style initrd file instead, use the mkcramfs command. This assumes your kernel has built-in cramfs support (CONFIG_CRAMFS):
mkcramfs /tmp/initrd /boot/initrd.bin
Copy the kernel and the initramfs file to your boot directory (whereever it is). I use SYSLINUX which I installed at /dev/sda1 partition. Finally, edit the boot configuration file. The following is the contents of a sample syslinux.cfg:
LABEL debian
KERNEL 314.lnx
INITRD /initrd/initram.lzm
APPEND root=/dev/sda7
LABEL sid
KERNEL 314.lnx
INITRD /initrd/initram.lzm
APPEND boot=usb label=SID edd=off vmode=800x600
LABEL bfile
KERNEL 314.lnx
INITRD /initrd/initram.lzm
APPEND boot=loop root=/dev/sda1
LABEL ram
KERNEL 314.lnx
INITRD /initrd/initram.lzm
APPEND boot=ram ramdisk_size=524288 root=/dev/sda1
Eclipse is one of my favorite programming environment which is used to develop C, C++ and/or Java software efficiently. Let's set up Eclipse so that we can use it to work with MinGW C/C++ compiler and Java.
I prefer the original MinGW compiler to MinGW-w64, but individual tastes may vary. Make sure that you add the folder containing gcc.exe to the PATH environment variable.
Then, install JRE because Eclipse won't run without it. If you want to develop Java, then install JDK (Java SE or Java EE) instead of JRE.
Now, download Eclipse IDE for C/C++ Developers (eclipse-cpp-juno-win32.zip) and unpack it. You need it to develop C/C++ programs.
If you also want to develop Java, then download Eclipse IDE for Java Developers (eclipse-java-juno-win32.zip). Just unpack the Java Developer package into the same folder as Eclipse for C/C++, avoiding to overwrite existing files.
Create a shortcut on your desktop that points to the Eclipse program (eclipse.exe). To start Eclipse, double-click the Eclipse shortcut that you just created.
Let's test our Eclipse installation and create a simple C++ program. Start a new C++ project (File->New->C++ Project). Type in any Project name, and select Empty Project under Executable Project types. Choose MinGW GCC for toolchains. Click Finish.
Once a new C++ project is open, create a new source file (File->New->Source File).
Try typing in a simple code like the following:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
cout << "Hello, boys and girls.\n";
return 0;
}
Save the project (File->Save). Build the project (Project->Build Project). If the build was successful, run the generated program (Run->Run, or Ctrl+F11).
LZO, short for Lempel-Ziv-Oberhumer, is compression software that is designed for decompression speed. I compiled the LZO library like this.
tar xzvf lzo-2.03.tar.gz
cd lzo-2.03/
./configure --prefix=/mingw
make
make install
I only got a static library liblzo2.a. So I had to convert it to a DLL.
gcc -shared -o liblzo2-2.dll -Wl,--out-implib,liblzo2.dll.a -Wl,--whole-archive /mingw/lib/liblzo2.a -Wl,--no-whole-archive -L/mingw/lib -lwinmm
gtkmm is a C++ wrapper library that makes it possible to write C++ programs with GTK+. After compiling the GTK+ library, you can build gtkmm as follows.
libsigc++ implements a typesafe callback system for standard C++. Download the libsigc++ source code from here and compile it:
./configure --prefix=/mingw
make
make install
glibmm is a C++ wrapper for Glib. Compile it like this:
./configure --prefix=/mingw
make
make install
atkmm is a C++ wrapper for ATK. Compile it like this:
./configure --prefix=/mingw
make
make install
cairomm provides C++ interface to the Cairo library. Compile it like this:
./configure --prefix=/mingw
make
make install
pangomm is a C++ wrapper for Pango. Compile it like this:
./configure --prefix=/mingw
make
make install
gtkmm is a C++ wrapper for GTK+. Build it as follows:
./configure --prefix=/mingw
make
make install
GraphicsMagick is a powerful tool for processing image files. I'm using MinGW to build GraphicsMagick for Windows.
Download the zlib source (zlib-1.2.7.tar.gz) and unpack it.
tar xzvf zlib-1.2.7.tar.gz
cd zlib-1.2.7
Compile and install zlib.
make -f win32/Makefile.gcc
cp -iv zlib1.dll /mingw/bin
cp -iv zconf.h zlib.h /mingw/include
cp -iv libz.a /mingw/lib
cp -iv libz.dll.a /mingw/lib
Now download bzip2 source from bzip.org and unpack it.
tar xzvf bzip2-1.0.6.tar.gz
cd bzip2-1.0.6
Change line 78 of bzlib.h to read:
#if defined(_WIN32) && !defined(__MINGW32__)
Compile and install bzip2.
make
cp bzlib.h /mingw/include/
cp libbz2.a /mingw/lib
Get the XZ Utils source code and unpack it. Go to the src/liblzma folder and compile liblzma like this:
tar xzvf xz-5.0.4.tar.gz
cd xz-5.0.4
./configure --prefix=/mingw
cd src/liblzma
make
make install
Compile libpng and libjpeg as follows:
./configure --prefix=/mingw
make
make install
Compile Jasper:
./configure --prefix=/mingw
make
make install
If you encounter an error "undefined reference to _sleep", replace sleep() with _sleep with a factor of 1000 in the code:
_sleep(1000)
Get jbigkit from here.
make
cp libjbig/*.h /mingw/include
cp libjbig/*.a /mingw/lib
Compile libtiff like this:
./configure --prefix=/mingw
make
make install
If the shared library libtiff-5.dll is not generated and you want to create it manually, use such a command as the following and update libtiff.la accordingly:
gcc -shared -o libtiff-5.dll -Wl,--out-implib,libtiff.dll.a -Wl,--whole-archive /mingw/lib/libtiff.a -Wl,--no-whole-archive -L/mingw/lib -ljpeg -ljbig -llzma -lz
Compile freetype:
./configure --prefix=/mingw
make
make install
Compile libxml2:
./configure --prefix=/mingw
make
make install
Compile libwmf:
./configure --prefix=/mingw
make
make install
Compile liblcms:
./configure --prefix=/mingw
make
make install
Get GraphicsMagick code and build it like this:
./configure --prefix=/mingw --with-gs-font-dir='C:/Windows/Fonts' --with-windows-font-dir='C:/Windows/Fonts' LIBS='-ljbig'
make
make install
GraphicsMagick comes in handy when you want to convert scanned JPEG images to a PDF document:
gm convert *.jpg doc.pdf
The Windows operating system has built-in features that allow you to share documents, photos, music and video with other Windows users in the local network. However, users of Linux or another non-Windows OS may have a hard time trying to access shared resources on Windows computers. Setting up an FTP server on a Windows machine can solve such interoperability issues in sharing files between different types of computers.
FileZilla Server is a free, fast and powerful FTP server for Windows. By default, the FileZilla server starts automatically with Windows, and the admin port is 14147.
I don't like to see the admin interface started at every login.
You should define some ports for passive mode.
I like to enable TLS/SSL for added security in FTP transfers.
I created a group called users.
Then, I created a user for myself.
You should create a new rule for FileZilla in Windows Firewall.
In the new inbound rule wizard, select the following settings.
I've been thinking about installing an open-source database server for personal and commercial uses. My choices were limited as shown below.
C:\Cygwin and chose to install the following packages in addition to base packages.C:\Cygwin\etc\fstab in a text editor and append the following line./usr/i686-w64-mingw32/sys-root/mingw /mingw none bind
Set the HOME variable.
Start the Cygwin terminal and type the following commands to set up Cygwin for Windows compilation.
cp /usr/bin/i686-w64-mingw32-g++.exe /usr/i686-w64-mingw32/bin/g++.exe
cp /usr/bin/i686-w64-mingw32-gcc.exe /usr/i686-w64-mingw32/bin/gcc.exe
cp /usr/bin/i686-w64-mingw32-cpp.exe /usr/i686-w64-mingw32/bin/cpp.exe
export PATH=/mingw/bin:/usr/i686-w64-mingw32/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/lib/gcc/i686-w64-mingw32/4.5.3
export CC=/usr/bin/i686-w64-mingw32-gcc.exe
export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/mingw/lib/pkgconfig
tar xzvf zlib-1.2.7.tar.gz
cd zlib-1.2.7
make -f win32/Makefile.gcc
cp -iv zlib1.dll /mingw/bin
cp -iv zconf.h zlib.h /mingw/include
cp -iv libz.a /mingw/lib
cp -iv libz.dll.a /mingw/lib
tar xzvf bzip2-1.0.6.tar.gz
cd bzip2-1.0.6
#if defined(_WIN32) && !defined(__MINGW32__)
make
cp bzlib.h /mingw/include/
cp libbz2.a /mingw/lib
tar xzvf libiconv-1.14.tar.gz
cd libiconv-1.14
./configure --build=i686-w64-mingw32 --prefix=/mingw --enable-static
make
make install
./configure --build=i686-w64-mingw32 --prefix=/mingw
make
make install
./configure --build=i686-w64-mingw32 --prefix=/mingw LIBS="-lbz2 -ljpeg -lws2_32 -liconv"
DEFS = -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -DBGDWIN32
--- ./gd.h Sat Oct 30 12:54:58 2004
+++ ./gd.h Sun Jan 05 17:56:09 2006
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
#endif /* WIN32 */
#ifdef NONDLL
-#define BGD_DECLARE(rt) extern rt
+#define BGD_DECLARE(rt) extern rt _stdcall
#else
#ifdef BGDWIN32
#define BGD_DECLARE(rt) __declspec(dllexport) rt __stdcall
make install
To create a DLL file called libgd-2.dll, run the following commands:
mkdir /tmp/gdlib
cd /tmp/gdlib
ar x /mingw/lib/libgd.a
gcc -shared -o /mingw/bin/libgd-2.dll -Wl,--out-implib,libgd.dll.a *.o -L/mingw/lib -lz -lbz2 -ljpeg -lpng -liconv -lfreetype
Download regex-0.12.tar.gz and compile regex as required by libmagic.
gcc -DSTDC_HEADERS -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -I. -c regex.c
ar ru libregex.a regex.o
cp -iv libregex.a /mingw/lib
cp -iv libregex.a /mingw/lib/libgnurx.a
cp -iv regex.h /mingw/include
Get the source tarball of open-source file command. Configure as follows:
./configure --build=i686-w64-mingw32 --prefix=/mingw
Open config.h and add the following lines:
#define WIN32 1
#define MAGIC "magic"
Then compile:
make && make install
tar xzvf ocaml-3.12.1.tar.gz
cd ocaml-3.12.1
patch -p1 -l < ../ocaml-3.12.1-unicode.patch
In the config subfolder, copy Makefile.mingw to Makefile.
cp config/m-nt.h config/m.h
cp config/s-nt.h config/s.h
cp config/Makefile.mingw config/Makefile
make -f Makefile.nt world
make -f Makefile.nt opt
make -f Makefile.nt opt.opt
make -f Makefile.nt install
export CAMLLIB=/mingw/lib
export OCAMLLIB=/mingw/lib
export CAMLP4LIB=/mingw/lib/camlp4
tar xjvf mldonkey-3.1.0.tar.bz2
cd mldonkey-3.1.0
./configure --build=i686-w64-mingw32 --prefix=/mingw --disable-fasttrack
To link with the static GD library, append -DNONDLL to the CPPFLAG line of config/Makefile.config
CPPFLAGS=-I/mingw/include -DNONDLL
export OCAML_SRC=~/ocaml-3.12.1
cp -iv /mingw/lib/stublibs/dllunix.dll .
make depend
make mlnet.static
strip mlnet.static
mv mlnet.static mlnet.exe
g++ -g0 -O3 -o mlnet.exe -Wl,--subsystem,windows -L/lib/gcc/i686-w64-mingw32/4.5.3 -L/mingw/lib /tmp/camlstartup00193d.s build/flexdll_mingw.o /mingw/lib/std_exit.o src/daemon/common/commonMain.o build/driver.a build/core.a build/client.a build/common.a build/magic.a build/bitstring.a build/cdk.a build/extlib.a /mingw/lib/nums.a /mingw/lib/str.a /mingw/lib/unix.a /mingw/lib/bigarray.a /mingw/lib/stdlib.a src/utils/cdk/gdstubs.o src/networks/direct_connect/che3_c.o src/utils/lib/CryptoPP.o src/utils/lib/CryptoPP_stubs.o src/utils/net/upnp_stubs.o src/daemon/common/commonHasher_c.o src/utils/lib/magiclib_stub.o src/utils/bitstring/bitstring_c.o src/utils/cdk/zlibstubs.o src/utils/cdk/heap_c.o src/config/mingw/os_stubs_c.o src/utils/lib/fst_hash.o src/utils/lib/md4_comp.o src/utils/lib/md4_c.o src/utils/lib/charsetstubs.o src/utils/lib/md5_c.o src/utils/lib/sha1_c.o src/utils/lib/tiger.o src/utils/lib/stubs_c.o -lnums -lcamlstr -lunix -lbigarray -lgdi32 -luser32 -ladvapi32 -limm32 -lshell32 -lole32 resfile.o -lpthread -lmagic -lgd -ljpeg -lfreetype -lpng -lz -lbz2 -lws2_32 -lshlwapi /mingw/lib/libasmrun.a /mingw/lib/libcharset.dll.a /mingw/lib/libiconv.dll.a
upx --best --strip-relocs=0 mlnet.exe
wget is a useful command-line downloader. To build wget for the Windows platform, first install MinGW. Then, compile zlib, openssl and wget in that order. To compile zlib:
make -f win32/Makefile.gcc
cp -iv zlib1.dll /mingw/bin
cp -iv zconf.h zlib.h /mingw/include
cp -iv libz.a /mingw/lib
cp -iv libz.dll.a /mingw/lib
To compile openssl:
./Configure -DHAVE_STRUCT_TIMESPEC -DPTW32_STATIC_LIB -L/mingw/lib -lz -lpthreadGC2 -lws2_32 --prefix=/mingw threads zlib mingw
make
make test
make install
Now, build wget
./configure --prefix=/mingw --enable-threads=win32 --disable-nls --with-ssl=openssl
make
make install
The current version of zip supports higher compression with the bzip2 method. To build zip with bzip2 compression using MinGW, first prepare the bzip2 library:
tar xzvf bzip2-1.0.6.tar.gz
cd bzip2-1.0.6
make
cp bzlib.h /mingw/include/
cp libbz2.a /mingw/lib
Then, get the zip source. Use the LOCAL_ZIP environment variable to configure zip.
export LOCAL_ZIP='-DLARGE_FILE_SUPPORT -DZIP64_SUPPORT -DUNICODE_SUPPORT -DBZIP2_SUPPORT -DALLOW_REGEX
Edit the LIBS line in the file makefile.gcc in the win32 folder to link zip with bzip2 library
LIBS=-luser32 -ladvapi32 -lbz2
Compile zip.
make -f win32/makefile.gcc
You'll find zip.exe in the source folder.
Unzip is a command-line extraction tool for .zip archives. In order to be able to unpack bzipped .ZIP archive, I need to compile unzip with bzip2 support. After compiling bzip2 as above, I downloaded unzip60.tar.gz from Info-Zip project at Sourceforge and unpacked it.
tar xzvf unzip60.tar.gz
cd unzip60
I fixed the file win32/Makefile.gcc in the section following "# optional inclusion of bzip2 decompression"
INC_BZ2LIB = -I/mingw/include
LOCFLAGS = -I/mingw/include -DUSE_BZIP2
LD_BZ2LIB = -L/mingw/lib -lbz2
LIBBZIP2 = /mingw/lib/libbz2.a
Then, I compiled Unzip like this:
make -f win32/Makefile.gcc
ls -l *.exe
Three executables unzip.exe, unzipsfx.exe and funzip.exe are created. Copy them to a folder in your path or /bin.
cp -iv *.exe /C/Windows
To back up a folder:
zip -Z bzip2 -b C:\Windows\Temp -SDurX backup.zip *
I use Xming and Putty to remotely log into my Linux desktop over a secure connection. Since I use xdm for the X11 login screen, I had to set up xdm for remote login. I made sure /etc/X11/xdm/xdm-config had this setting:
DisplayManager.requestPort: 117
I changed /etc/X11/xdm/Xaccess to allow any connection:
echo "*" > /etc/X11/xdm/Xaccess
I installed xnest on the Linux machine.
On Windows, install xming and X11 fonts. Start the Xming server.
Xming.exe :16 -clipboard -multiwindow -nolisten inet6
Then, start putty, enable X11 port forwarding and connect to the Linux box. Once you are logged into the remote terminal, start Xnest:
Xnest :16 -ac -geometry 960x720 -once -query 127.0.0.1
A window will pop up showing your lovely Linux destkop. Now, enjoy your Linux applications on Windows.
Today the trend is to put your valuable data somewhere on the Internet and access it anywhere. This is a dramatic departure from the past as our trust grows towards Internet companies. More companies are offering cloud storage services, for example, Box.net and Zumodrive. Here I show how to set up Linux to access cloud storages.
Box.net offers 5GB of free online storage for personal use, but each upload must be smaller than 25MB. Zumodrive offers 2GB free space initially, but unlike box.net you can upload any size of files using the ZumoDrive desktop application.
cd /
dpkg --extract zumodrive-ubuntu8-i386-0.989.deb .
Many people want to try the new Windows 7, but they're not too sure if Windows 7 is worth it. After all, it doesn't make sense to buy a new computer to try Windows 7 and then find out it's another lame bloatware. This guide will help an average joe to download, install and activate Windows 7 with freely available tools.
First, you need to decide if your computer is capable of running Windows 7. According to Microsoft, Windows 7 has the following hardware requirements:
That means Windows 7 can run on most computers available. You may have to buy additional memory or a new video card to be able to run Windows 7. See the Windows 7 Compatibility site.
Next, decide which edition of Windows 7 you want to install on your computer. There are many editions of Windows 7, for example, Home Premium, Professional, Enterprise and Ultimate. For most people, Windows 7 Home Premium is good enough.
It is recommended that you use aria2, Halogenware Retriever or Free Download Manager to download Windows 7 so you can resume a download in the event of connection problems. On the Web, you can download DVD images of Windows 7 from the following locations:
I like using aria2 for download. Get my aria2 win32 build from here. To use aria2c to download Windows 7 Home Premium, open the Command Prompt and type the following command.
aria2c --file-allocation=prealloc http://msft-dnl.digitalrivercontent.net/msvista/pub/X15-65732/X15-65732.iso
To stop the download, press Ctrl+C twice. Later, you can resume download with the command:
aria2c -c http://msft-dnl.digitalrivercontent.net/msvista/pub/X15-65732/X15-65732.iso
After the download has finished, verify the checksums of the download with md5deep or HashCheck shell extension.
This is optional. If you want to create a single All-in-One DVD that can be used to install Home Basic, Home Premium, Professional and Ultimate edition, download and run eicfg_remover. This tool removes ei.cfg from the ISO file.
Then, burn the image to a blank DVD. You need to have a DVD burner and a blank DVD, of course. For free DVD-burning software, you can get ImgBurn, InfraRecorder or CDBurnerXP.
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